IMMUNOLOGY
Immunity is a very common word in medical terms but is a very important impact on human body. It is a defense mechanism which helps human body to fight against foreign matter such as bacteria, virus and many more. Immunology is the study of immunity system. There are many cells and tissues which are deliberately involved in daily activities of our body and they fight against the foreign matters deliberately unknown to our daily premises. The cells are working very primitive and ease so our body activities are not need to be harmed. Thanks to the white blood cells (WBC). “Are we aware to the word immunity before?” No, we weren’t but there is a person pulled up his sleeves and taught us value of immunology was EDWARD JENNER. The first person who introduced vaccines against smallpox and the father of immunology. The journey was not stopped there, many more dedicated people like LOIUS PASTEUR provided contributions in vaccines for cholera, anthrax and rabies. Likewise the word ‘vaccine’ introduced to medical science. Which means derived from cow.
How to boost immunity?
The basic meaning of immunity is the biological system of our body which fight against foreign matters which willing to harm and want to introduce into our body wilfully. Our immunity system depends on many cells and tissues like neutrophils, mast cells, basophils, dendroid cells, eosinophil’s, monocytes, macrophage and natural killer cells. Each and every cells having their specific job responsibilities but for a single purpose and that is to keep our health safer from bacteria’s and viruses. There is only solution to boost immunity is to stay healthy. “How could we keep our self-healthy?” The answer is common but the difficult is to keep persist the healthy routines.
Do exercises every day and stay physically fit. Mention a healthy weight and do eat good foods like banana, sweet potato, chickpeas, almonds, walnuts, curd, kidney beans (Rajma), jaggery, pumpkin, Amla, guava, papaya, musk melon. These foods contains rich quantity of zinc, selenium, iron, copper, folic acids, vitamin A, B6, C and E. Healthy habit of sleeping is also necessary for boosting immunity. Mentioning a healthy habit of routine life helps you improvising your immune system.
Types of immunity system:
Immunity system is classified into three categories:
- Barrier immunity
- Innate immunity
- Acquired immunity
- Barrier immunity:
The barrier immunity system mostly contains skin parts. There the immunity cells are available which helps to prevent pathogens from invasion. Skin is the first preventer which acts as a vital criteria to prevent human body from pathogens. Not only that barrier immunity system is available on the surface of heart, lungs and many body organs of human body. When pathogens broke the barrier and enters into the body there innate immunity system activated.
- Innate immunity:
The immune system is available from birth, provides protection to a child from several pathogens. Having protecting cells and tissues to avoid or kill pathogens from body. Protein is the key ingredient which helps these cells to stay protected and strong enough to kill bacteria and virus. It composed of cells such as: neutrophils, mast cells, basophils, dendritic cells, eosinophil’s, monocytes, macrophage and natural killing cells.
- Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells having 60 to 70% of acquisition. These are the phagocytosis which kills various pathogens.
- Eosinophil’s are the enzymes which creates one to three percent of white blood cells.
- Basophils helps in killing allergic bacteria’s and blood clotting. It contains 0.5-1% of the white blood cells.
- Mast cells are helping our body to protect against wounds.
- Macrophages are the largest phagocytic cells.
- Dendritic cells are available to the body parts which are exposed to external environments.
- The natural killing cells are well available to kill inner damaged cells or the tumor cells.
- Acquired or adaptive immunity system:
The immunity system is not available during birth of baby. The immunity system is developed during the growth of human body. It adapt the type of situation which the body adapt. It contains two major type of lymphocytes B cell and T cell. The T lymphocytes also contains two major cells helper T cell (CD4) and killer T cell (CD8). The CD4 is the indirect killer and the CD8 is the direct killer of pathogens.
